Jon Dewitz 20260430 LF 2025 raster digital data Sioux Falls, SD Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P1MAAYLC https://www.landfire.gov Jennifer L. Long Timothy D. Hatten 2023 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233044 https://www.landfire.gov LANDFIRE's 2025 Update (LF 2025) Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) represents the current distribution of the terrestrial Ecological Systems classification developed by NatureServe for the western hemisphere. In this context, a terrestrial ecological system is defined as a group of plant community types that tend to co-occur within landscapes with similar ecological processes, substrates, and/or environmental gradients. See the EVT product page (https://landfire.gov/vegetation/evt) for more information about ecological systems and NVC classifications. EVT is mapped using decision tree models, field data, Landsat imagery, topography, and biophysical gradient data. Decision tree models are developed separately for tree, shrub, and herbaceous lifeforms which are then used to produce a lifeform specific EVT product. These models are generated for each Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III Ecoregion (https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregions). Riparian, alpine, sparse, and other site-specific EVTs are constrained by predetermined masks. In LF 2025, the vegetation products are updated using rulesets similar to LF 2024 Update (https://landfire.gov/data/lf2024) but only for 2025 disturbances since prior disturbances were brought current using machine learning and 2023 satellite imagery during the LF 2023 Update (https://landfire.gov/data/lf2023). LF uses EVT as an input for LF 2025 Fuel Vegetation Type (FVT). The LANDFIRE 2025 Update (LF 2025, version 2.6.0) is the sixth update to the LF 2016 Remap base map (version 2.0.0) and will be releasing throughout calendar year 2026. LF 2025 products are designed to facilitate national and regional level strategic fire and resource management planning and reporting of management activities. The principal purposes of the products include providing: 1) national level landscape scale geospatial products to support fire and fuels management planning and 2) consistent fuels products to support fire planning, analysis, and budgeting to evaluate fire management alternatives. Products are created at a 30meter raster; however, the applicability of products varies by location and specific use. LF products were designed to support 1) national (all states) strategic planning, 2) regional (single large states or groups of smaller states), and 3) strategic/tactical planning for large sub regional landscapes and Fire Management Units (FMUs) (such as significant portions of states or multiple federal administrative entities). The applicability of LF products to support fire and land management planning on smaller areas will vary by product, location, and specific use. Managers and planners must evaluate LF products according to the scale and requirements specific to their needs. Ongoing since the LF 2020 update all CONUS products are created with a 90km buffer into both Canada and Mexico. 2025 ground condition Complete Annually -127.9878 -65.2544 51.6497 22.7654 ISO 19115 Topic Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover biota USGS Thesaurus fires hazard preparedness remote sensing image collections geospatial datasets geographic information systems None raster digital data Existing Vegetation Type EVT U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S. Forest Service (USFS) LANDFIRE 2025 LF 2025 Common geographic areas US CONUS United States Continental U.S. Conterminous United States None These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov These products were created by the LF team at USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD. Refer to the contact information throughout this metadata to contact the LF team. None in place Unclassified If there is ever doubt, contact the LF Help Desk at helpdesk@landfire.gov Microsoft Windows 11; ESRI ArcGIS Suite USGS Advanced Research Computing (ARC) 2021 publication https://www.usgs.gov/advanced-research-computing/usgs-mckinley-supercomputer https://www.usgs.gov/advanced-research-computing Products were tested to ensure that each attribute is represented consistently across all data sets. Attributes were not validated against in person observations. The products were pixel "truth" tested for consistency of land or water characteristics across all products. Products were formally tested to ensure that valid data was produced for all pixels. Each product was then validated and tested for duplicates, omissions, and errors. US Forest Service (USFS) US Natural Resource Manager's (USNRM) 2009 remote-sensing image https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php https://data.fs.usda.gov/nrm/briefingpapers/FACTS.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 2009 2025 observed FACTS Landscape change in forested areas US Forest Service (USFS) US Department of the Interior (USDOI) 2000 application/service Previously National Fire Plans Operations Reporting System https://inform-fuels-nifc.hub.arcgis.com/pages/about Digital and/or Hardcopy 2000 2025 observed IFPRS National Fire Plan US Bureau of Land Management (USBLM) National Park Service (USNPS) US Forest Service (USFS) US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Fire Administration and the National Association of State Foresters US Bureau of Indian Affairs (USBIA) 1965 application/service https://www.nifc.gov/ https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/maps Digital and/or Hardcopy 1965 2025 observed NIFC Wildfire maps. US Forest Service (USFS) 2012 raster digital data https://www.fs.usda.gov/science-technology/data-tools-products/fhp-mapping-reporting/national-insect-disease-risk-and-hazard-mapping Digital and/or Hardcopy 2012 2023 observed NIDRM NIDRM Insect and Disease Detection Survey US Forest Service (USFS) 1928 application/service Check https://landfire.gov/reference for more information. https://research.fs.usda.gov/programs/fia Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown observed FIA Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Geologocial Survey (USGS) 1982 raster digital data Fact Sheet 2022-3084 Reston, VA USGS https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-3-dynamic-surface-water-extent-science-product https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition DSWE The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) product provides raster layers that represent surface water inundation per-pixel in Landsat data. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2025 application/service https://www.nass.usda.gov/ https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition NASS CDL Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Geological Survey (USGS) 2005 raster digital data https://www.mtbs.gov/ https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P97UMU6K Digital and/or Hardcopy 1984 2025 ground condition MTBS MTBS is an interagency program whose goal is to consistently map the burn severity and extent of large fires across all lands of the United States from 1984 to present. US Geological Survey (USGS) US Forest Service (USFS) 2001 application/service https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/baer/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2001 2025 ground condition BAER BARC BARC is a satellite-derived data layer of post-fire vegetation condition. The BARC has four classes, representing burn severity: high, moderate, low, and unburned. This product is used as an input to the soil burn severity map produced by the BAER teams. US Geological Survey (USGS) Gap Analysis Project (GAP) 2024 application/service https://doi.org/10.5066/P96WBCHS Digital and/or Hardcopy 2024 ground condition PAD The USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) is the nation's inventory of protected areas, including public land and voluntarily provided private protected areas. US Geologocial Survey (USGS) 1996 raster digital data https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253001 https://www.mrlc.gov/data https://www.mrlc.gov/viewer/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P94UXNTS Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 ground condition NLCD LANDFIRE always utilizes the latest products from NLCD, read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ Microsoft Maps 2022 application/service https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints Digital and/or Hardcopy 2022 ground condition Building Footprint Microsoft Maps released country wide open building footprints datasets in the United States. This dataset contained 129,591,852 computer generated building footprints. US Geological Survey (USGS) 1984 raster digital data https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-3-burned-area-science-product https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111801 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1984 2025 ground condition BA The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Burned Area (BA) science product is designed to identify burned areas across all ecosystems (e.g., forests, shrublands, and grasslands) for Landsat 4-9 data, containing two acquisition-based raster layers that represent burn classification and burn probability. US Geological Survey (USGS) US Forest Service (USFS) 2007 remote-sensing image https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/ravg/ Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition RAVG The RAVG program provides assessments of vegetation conditions (burn severity) following large wildland fires on forested National Forest System (NFS) lands. Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Department of Agriculture (USDA) US Forest Service (USFS) 2020 application/service https://wildfirerisk.org/download/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 observed WRC Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ Beginning with the new base map of LANDFIRE 2016 Remap (LF Remap), LF products were created using recent advances in image compositing, tiling algorithms, and faster computing hardware to ensure that LF products remained relevant. LF Remap leveraged the Landsat archive, lidar data, and user contributed field plot data compiled into the LF Reference Database (LFRDB), to create new vegetation products. Reference resources utilized in LF Remap and all updates since includes but is not limited to: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program plot data, Landsat Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE), the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). FIA DSWE NLCD NASS CDL 20260430 For LF 2025 reference resources include but are not limited to: Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) and Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG). Then the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD) was used to remove agriculture on non-irrigated federal and state protected lands. A rasterized version of the Microsoft building footprint and Wildfire Risk to Communities (WRC) was used to update developed areas. Two main submitted sources were also used: the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and National Park Service (NPS). MTBS BAER BARC RAVG PAD Building Footprint WRC 20260430 Disturbances in LF 2025 were also identified with LF's Remote Sensing of Landscape Change (RSLC), which identifies spectral change in vegetation using automated algorithms and image analyst review of the entire country with Landsat imagery. Burned Area (BA) data from Landsat was also used and national events (polygons) were used to identify areas and types of disturbance. BA 20260430 To read more about LF reference resources go to https://landfire.gov/reference. Information about LF product testing is available by request or via the website at https://www.landfire.gov. 20260430 Raster Grid Cell 20729 24853 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0 0 row and column 30 30 meters North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.000000 298.257222 EVT LF 2025 EVT attributes spreadsheet. LF 2025 VALUE Code that identifies the vegetation and land cover types. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 4401 9994 EVT_NAME Existing Vegetation Type name. LF 2025 See the CSV or ADD for additional information. LFRDB LF Reference Database (LFRDB) code. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 4401 9994 EVT_FUEL EVT fuel code. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 11 4623 EVT_FUEL_N EVT fuel name. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 See the ADD for additional information. EVT_LFEVT lifeform.LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 Shrub Shrub lifeform. LF 2025 Tree Tree lifeform. LF 2025 Sparse Sparse. LF 2025 Herb Herbaceous lifeform. LF 2025 Water Water. LF 2025 Barren Barren. LF 2025 Developed Developed. LF 2025 Snow-Ice Snow/Ice. LF 2025 Agriculture Agriculture. LF 2025 EVT_PHYSEVT physiognomy.LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 Shrubland Shrubland. LF 2025 Riparian Riparian. LF 2025 Sparsely Vegetated Sparse. LF 2025 Grassland Grassland. LF 2025 Conifer Conifer. LF 2025 Hardwood Hardwood. LF 2025 Conifer-Hardwood Conifer- Hardwood LF 2025 Open Water Water LF 2025 Quarries-Strip Mines-Gravel Pits-Well and Wind Pads Strip mines, gravel pits, well/wind pads. LF 2025 Developed-Low Intensity Low intensity. LF 2025 Developed-Medium Intensity Medium intensity. LF 2025 Developed-High Intensity High intensity. LF 2025 Developed-Roads Roads LF 2025 Developed-Open Space Open space. LF 2025 Snow-Ice Snow. LF 2025 Agricultural Agricultural. LF 2025 Developed Developed. LF 2025 Exotic Herbaceous Exotic herbaceous. LF 2025 Exotic Tree-Shrub Exotic tree shrub. LF 2025 EVT_GP EVT group code. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 11 829 EVT_GP_N EVT group name. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 See ADD for additional information. SAF_SRM Crosswalk to Society of American Foresters and Society of Range Management cover types. LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 Crosswalk to Society of American Foresters and Society of Range Management cover types. EVT_ORDEREVT physiognomic order from FGDC classification.LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 Shrub-dominated Shrub dominated. LF 2025 No dominant lifeform No dominant lifeform. LF 2025 Herbaceous / Nonvascular-dominated Herbaceous dominated. LF 2025 Tree-dominated Tree dominated. LF 2025 No Dominant Life Form No dominant life form. LF 2025 Non-vegetated Non-vegetated. LF 2025 EVT_CLASSEVT physiognomic class from FGDC classification.LF 2025 -9999 Fill-NoData LF 2025 Dwarf Shrubland Dwarf shrub. LF 2025 Shrubland Shrubland. LF 2025 Sparsely Vegetated Sparsely vegetated. LF 2025 Herbaceous - forbland Herbaceous forbs. LF 2025 Closed tree canopy Closed tree canopy. LF 2025 Herbaceous - Shrub Steppe Herbaceous shrub steppe. LF 2025 Open Tree Canopy Open tree canopy. LF 2025 Herbaceous - Grassland Herbaceous grassland. LF 2025 Nonvascular Non-vascular. LF 2025 Sparse Tree Canopy Sparse tree canopy. LF 2025 Non-vegetated Non-vegetated. LF 2025 No Dominant Lifeform None. LF 2025 EVT_SBCLS EVT physiognomic subclass from FGDC classification. LF 2025 See the CSV or ADD for additional information. R Red color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 G Green color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 B Blue color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 RED Red color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 GREEN Green color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 BLUE Blue color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 LANDFIRE (LF) 2025 Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) CONUS. An Attribute Table is included with each product download as a .csv and embedded in the metadata. The Attribute Data Dictionary (ADD) can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/. https://landfire.gov/vegetation/evt U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov This product is reproduced from geospatial information prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) USGS EROS. By removing the contents of this package or taking receipt of these files via electronic file transfer methods, you understand that the data stored on this media can be updated at any time. Represented features may not be in an accurate geographic location. USGS EROS makes no expressed or implied warranty, including warranty of merchantability and fitness, with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the data or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. USGS EROS reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace this geospatial information without notification. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. ARCG 20260430 LF 2025 https://doi.org/10.5066/P1MAAYLC none 20260414 LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None Unclassified None