Jon Dewitz 20260415 LF 2025 raster digital data Seasonal Fuels Fire Behavior Fuel Model 40 Early Spring 2026 (F40ES26) Early Spring 2026 Sioux Falls, SD Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey https://www.landfire.gov Jennifer L. Long Timothy D. Hatten 2023 publication n/a US Geological Survey LANDFIRE Fact Sheet https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233044 https://landfire.gov/ The Early Spring Seasonal Fuels Fire Behavior Fuel Model 40 (FBFM40) product for the Southwest region represents distinct distributions of fuel loadings found among surface fuel components (living and dead), size classes, and fuel types. The fuel models were described by; the most common fire carrying fuel type (grass, brush, timber, litter or slash), loading and surface area-to-volume ratio by size class and component, fuel bed depth, and moisture of extinction (Scott and Burgan 2005). In LANDFIRE (LF) Fire Behavior Fuel Model 40 (FBFM40), canopy characteristics were used to compute; shading, wind reduction factors, spotting distances, crown fuel volume, spread characteristics of crown fires, and to incorporate the effects of ladder fuels for transitions from a surface to crown fire. Where there are tree canopies (LF Existing Vegetation Type [EVT] that are forest and woodland) LF has attributed the grid with canopy characteristics. To learn more about LF FBFM40 go to https://landfire.gov/fuel/fbfm40. The LANDFIRE 2025 Update (LF 2025, version 2.6.0) is the sixth update to LANDFIRE’ LF 2016 Remap base map (version 2.0.0) and will be releasing throughout calendar year 2026. LF 2025 products are designed to facilitate national and regional level strategic fire and resource management planning and reporting of management activities. The principal purposes of the products include providing: 1) national level landscape scale geospatial products to support fire and fuels management planning and 2) consistent fuels products to support fire planning, analysis, and budgeting to evaluate fire management alternatives. Products are created at a 30meter raster; however, the applicability of products varies by location and specific use. LF products were designed to support 1) national (all states) strategic planning, 2) regional (single large states or groups of smaller states), and 3) strategic/tactical planning for large sub regional landscapes and Fire Management Units (FMUs) (such as significant portions of states or multiple federal administrative entities). The applicability of LF products to support fire and land management planning on smaller areas will vary by product, location, and specific use. Managers and planners must evaluate LF products according to the scale and requirements specific to their needs. The NoData Value in this image is -9999. 2026 publication date Complete Annually -124.4800 -98.6710 47.5400 28.9010 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota imageryBaseMapsEarthCover None Early Spring 2026 FBFM40 Scott and Burgan Fire Behavior Fuel Model Fire Behavior Fuel Model 40 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S. Forest Service (USFS) raster digital data seasonal fuels USGS Thesaurus fires hazard preparedness remote sensing image collections geospatial datasets geographic information systems Common geographic areas US CONUS United States Conterminous United States Continental U.S. None None LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov These products were created by the LF team at USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD. Refer to the contact information throughout this metadata to contact the LF team. None in place Unclassified If there is ever doubt, contact the appropriate resource staff who has stewardship responsibility and the GIS Coordinator. Microsoft Windows 10; ESRI ArcGIS Suite Rocky Mountain Research Station 2005 publication USFS USDA Scott and Burgan 2005 https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-153 https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/9521 NASA USGS 2018 publication Claverie, M., Ju, J., Masek, J. G., Dungan, J. L., Vermote, E. F., Roger, J.-C., Skakun, S. V., and Justice, C. (2018). The Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance data set. Remote Sensing of Environment, 219, 145-161. https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/get-started-data/collection-overview/missions/harmonized-landsat-sentinel-2-hls-overview/ Products were tested to ensure that each attribute is represented consistently across all data sets. Attributes were not validated against in person observations. The products were pixel "truth" tested for consistency of land or water characteristics across all products. Products were formally tested to ensure that valid data was produced for all pixels. Each product was then validated and tested for duplicates, omissions, and errors. US Forest Service (USFS) US Natural Resource Manager's (USNRM) 2009 remote-sensing image https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/datasets.php https://data.fs.usda.gov/nrm/briefingpapers/FACTS.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 2009 2025 observed FACTS Landscape change in forested areas US Forest Service (USFS) US Department of the Interior (USDOI) 2000 application/service Previously National Fire Plans Operations Reporting System https://inform-fuels-nifc.hub.arcgis.com/pages/about Digital and/or Hardcopy 2000 2025 observed IFPRS National Fire Plan US Bureau of Land Management (USBLM) National Park Service (USNPS) US Forest Service (USFS) US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Fire Administration and the National Association of State Foresters US Bureau of Indian Affairs (USBIA) 1965 application/service https://www.nifc.gov/ https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/maps Digital and/or Hardcopy 1965 2025 observed NIFC Wildfire maps. US Forest Service (USFS) 2012 raster digital data https://www.fs.usda.gov/science-technology/data-tools-products/fhp-mapping-reporting/national-insect-disease-risk-and-hazard-mapping Digital and/or Hardcopy 2012 2023 observed NIDRM NIDRM Insect and Disease Detection Survey US Forest Service (USFS) 1928 application/service Check https://landfire.gov/reference for more information. https://research.fs.usda.gov/programs/fia Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown observed FIA Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Geologocial Survey (USGS) 1982 raster digital data Fact Sheet 2022-3084 Reston, VA USGS https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-3-dynamic-surface-water-extent-science-product https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition DSWE The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) product provides raster layers that represent surface water inundation per-pixel in Landsat data. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2025 application/service https://www.nass.usda.gov/ https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition NASS CDL Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Geological Survey (USGS) 2005 raster digital data https://www.mtbs.gov/ https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/ https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6331e928d34e900e86c52b9e Digital and/or Hardcopy 1984 2025 ground condition MTBS MTBS is an interagency program whose goal is to consistently map the burn severity and extent of large fires across all lands of the United States from 1984 to present. US Geological Survey (USGS) US Forest Service (USFS) 2001 application/service https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/baer/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2001 2025 ground condition BAER BARC BARC is a satellite-derived data layer of post-fire vegetation condition. The BARC has four classes, representing burn severity: high, moderate, low, and unburned. This product is used as an input to the soil burn severity map produced by the BAER teams. US Geological Survey (USGS) Gap Analysis Project (GAP) 2024 application/service https://doi.org/10.5066/P96WBCHS Digital and/or Hardcopy 2024 ground condition PAD The USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) is the nation's inventory of protected areas, including public land and voluntarily provided private protected areas. US Geologocial Survey (USGS) 1996 raster digital data https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253001 https://www.mrlc.gov/data https://www.mrlc.gov/viewer/ https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/655ceb8ad34ee4b6e05cc51a Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 ground condition NLCD LANDFIRE always utilizes the latest products from NLCD, read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ Microsoft Maps 2022 application/service https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints Digital and/or Hardcopy 2022 ground condition Building Footprint Microsoft Maps released country wide open building footprints datasets in the United States. This dataset contained 129,591,852 computer generated building footprints. US Geological Survey (USGS) 1984 raster digital data https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-3-burned-area-science-product https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111801 Digital and/or Hardcopy 1984 2025 ground condition BA The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Burned Area (BA) science product is designed to identify burned areas across all ecosystems (e.g., forests, shrublands, and grasslands) for Landsat 4-9 data, containing two acquisition-based raster layers that represent burn classification and burn probability. US Geological Survey (USGS) US Forest Service (USFS) 2007 remote-sensing image https://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/ravg/ Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition RAVG The RAVG program provides assessments of vegetation conditions (burn severity) following large wildland fires on forested National Forest System (NFS) lands. Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Department of Agriculture (USDA) US Forest Service (USFS) 2020 application/service https://wildfirerisk.org/download/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 observed WRC Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ Beginning with the new base map of LANDFIRE 2016 Remap (LF Remap), LF products were created using recent advances in image compositing, tiling algorithms, and faster computing hardware to ensure that LF products remained relevant. LF Remap leveraged the Landsat archive, lidar data, and user contributed field plot data compiled into the LF Reference Database (LFRDB), to create new vegetation products. Reference resources utilized in LF Remap and all updates since includes but is not limited to: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program plot data, Landsat Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE), the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). FIA DSWE NLCD NASS CDL 20260415 For LF 2025 reference resources include but are not limited to: Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) and Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG), Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD) was used to remove agriculture on non-irrigated federal and state protected lands, and a rasterized version of the Microsoft building footprint and Wildfire Risk to Communities (WRC) to update developed areas. Two main submitted sources were also used: the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and National Park Service (NPS). MTBS BAER BARC RAVG PAD Building Footprint WRC 20260415 Disturbances in LF 2025 were also identified with LF's Remote Sensing of Landscape Change (RSLC), which identifies spectral change in vegetation using automated algorithms and image analyst review of the entire country with Landsat imagery. Burned Area (BA) data from Landsat was also used and national events (polygons) were used to identify areas and types of disturbance. BA 20260415 To read more about LF reference resources go to https://landfire.gov/reference. Information about LF product testing is available by request or via the website at https://www.landfire.gov. 20260415 Raster Grid Cell 20729 24853 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0 0 row and column 30 30 meters North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.000000 298.257222 FBFM40 LF 2025 FBFM40 attributes spreadsheet. LF 2025 VALUE FBFM40 represents distinct distributions of fuel loadings found among surface fuel components, size classes, and fuel types. LF 2025 -9999 No Data LF 2025 91 204 FBFM40FBFM description.LF 2025 NB1 Urban/developed. LF 2025 NB2 Snow/ice. LF 2025 NB3 Agriculture. LF 2025 NB8 Water. LF 2025 NB9 Barren. LF 2025 GR1 Short, sparse, dry climate grass. LF 2025 GR2 Low load, dry climate grass. LF 2025 GR3 Low load, very coarse, humid climate grass. LF 2025 GR4 Moderate load, dry climate grass. LF 2025 GR5 Low load, humid climate grass. LF 2025 GR6 Moderate load, humid climate grass. LF 2025 GR7 High load, dry climate grass. LF 2025 GR8 High load, very coarse, humid climate grass. LF 2025 GR9 Very high load, humid climate grass. LF 2025 GS1 Low load, dry climate grass-shrub. LF 2025 GS2 Moderate load, dry climate grass-shrub. LF 2025 GS3 Moderate load, humid climate grass-shrub. LF 2025 GS4 High load, humid climate grass-shrub. LF 2025 SH1 Low load, dry climate shrub. LF 2025 SH2 Moderate load, dry climate shrub. LF 2025 SH3 Moderate load, humid climate shrub. LF 2025 SH4 Low load, humid climate timber-shrub. LF 2025 SH5 High load, humid climate grass-shrub. LF 2025 SH6 Low load, humid climate shrub. LF 2025 SH7 Very high load, dry climate shrub. LF 2025 SH8 High load, humid climate shrub. LF 2025 SH9 Very high load, humid climate shrub. LF 2025 TU1 Light load, dry climate timber-grass-shrub. LF 2025 TU2 Moderate load, humid climate timber-shrub. LF 2025 TU3 Moderate load, humid climate timber-grass-shrub. LF 2025 TU4 Dwarf conifer with understory. LF 2025 TU5 Very high load, dry climate timber-shrub. LF 2025 TL1 Low load, compact conifer litter. LF 2025 TL2 Low load, broadleaf litter. LF 2025 TL3 Moderate load, confider litter. LF 2025 TL4 Small downed logs. LF 2025 TL5 High load, confider litter. LF 2025 TL6 Moderate load, broadleaf litter. LF 2025 TL7 Large downed logs. LF 2025 TL8 Long-needle litter. LF 2025 TL9 Very high road, broadleaf litter. LF 2025 SB1 Low load, activity fuel. LF 2025 SB2 Moderate load, activity fuel or low load, blowdown. LF 2025 SB3 High load, activity fuel or moderate load, blowdown. LF 2025 SB4 High load, blowdown. LF 2025 Fill-NoData -9999 LF 2025 R Red color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 G Green color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 B Blue color value/255 LF 2025 0 255 RED Red color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 GREEN Green color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 BLUE Blue color value. LF 2025 0.0 1.0 LANDFIRE (LF) 2025 Update Fire Behavior Fuel Model 40 (FBFM40) Early Spring Seasonal Fuels 2026. An Attribute Table is included with each product download as a .csv and embedded in the metadata. The Attribute Data Dictionary (ADD) can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/ https://landfire.gov/fuel/seasonal_fuels U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov This product is reproduced from geospatial information prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) USGS EROS. By removing the contents of this package or taking receipt of these files via electronic file transfer methods, you understand that the data stored on this media can be updated at any time. Represented features may not be in an accurate geographic location. USGS EROS makes no expressed or implied warranty, including warranty of merchantability and fitness, with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the data or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. USGS EROS reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace this geospatial information without notification. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. ARCG 20260415 LF 2025 https://www.landfire.gov None 20260415 LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None Unclassified None